The
USS Wasp launches Spitfires of 601 and 603 Squadrons towards
Malta in a desperate, but successful, attempt to defend the
beleaguered island, April 1942.
The besieged isle of Malta, the tiny fortress island so vital
to Allied strategy in the Mediterranean, was in April 1942,
the most heavily bombed place on earth. With some 600 fighters
and bombers based in Sicily, the Axis air forces were intent
on neutralizing the island, to gain total air and sea supremacy
in the region. Against this continual aerial onslaught, by
early April the RAF could muster just 6 serviceable fighters.
The vital naval dockyards and airfields were in danger of
annihilation.
Following an urgent cable from Winston Churchill to President
Roosevelt, the carrier USS Wasp embarked 52 Mk Vc Spitfires
of 601 and 603 Squadrons and, under Captain J. W. Reeves Jr.,
USN, sailed from Glasgow on 14 April. In the early hours of
19 April, escorted by the cruiser Renown and four British
and two American destroyers, the heavily laden carrier slipped
through the Straits of Gibraltar in darkness. “Operation
Calendar” began early the following day, when Wasp launched
11 of her F4F wildcat fighters to provide air cover while
the Spitfires started taking off. With the sun already up,
by 0645 all 47 serviceable fighters were dispatched.
Monitoring all this activity, Luftwaffe Me109s lay in wait,
attacking as the Spitfires made landfall. All but one landed
safely, and from their arrival the Spitfires began to dominate
the sky above the beleaguered island, and Malta was saved.